Association of Adipokines, Oxidative Stress Markers, and Metabolic Enzymes in Obesity-Associated Insulin Resistance

Alyaa Salah Rashid; Grema Yerima

doi:10.51699/tnvwpx31

Authors

Alyaa Salah Rashid Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Ibn Sina University for Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Grema Yerima Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Science, Yobe state University, Damaturu

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51699/tnvwpx31

Keywords:

Adipokines, Insulin resistance, Obesity, Oxidative stress, Metabolic enzymes

Abstract

Background: Obesity-associated insulin resistance involves adipokine dysregulation, oxidative stress, and altered metabolic enzyme activity, contributing to impaired glucose homeostasis and metabolic dysfunction. Aims of the study: To evaluate associations between adipokines, oxidative stress markers, metabolic enzymes, and insulin resistance among individuals with obesity. Methodology: An analytical case–control study included 150 adults aged 18–55 years: 100 patients with obesity-associated insulin resistance (BMI ≥30 kg/m²; HOMA-IR ≥2.5) and 50 normal-weight healthy controls. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for glucose, lipid profile, liver enzymes, LDH, insulin, adipokines, MDA, SOD, and GPx using standard biochemical, ELISA, and spectrophotometric methods. HOMA-IR was calculated from fasting glucose and insulin concentrations. Result: Participants with obesity-associated insulin resistance showed significantly higher BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and atherogenic lipids. Leptin, resistin, MDA, ALT, AST, and GGT were elevated, whereas adiponectin, SOD, GPx, and HDL-C were reduced. HOMA-IR correlated positively with leptin, resistin, MDA, ALT, and GGT and negatively with adiponectin, SOD, and GPx. Multivariable analysis identified BMI, leptin, MDA, GGT, adiponectin, and SOD as independent correlates of HOMA-IR. Conclusions: Obesity-associated insulin resistance was characterized by adipokine dysregulation, increased oxidative stress, and metabolic disturbances. BMI, leptin, MDA, GGT, adiponectin, and SOD were independently associated with HOMA-IR, supporting their potential relevance as metabolic indicators.

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