Characteristics of Renal Anaemia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes Mellitus

Mokhira AYKHODJAEVA; Kamola ALIMOVA; Abdulla ABDURAUFOV; Sadoqat DAVLETBAEVA

Authors

Mokhira AYKHODJAEVA Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the Diabetic Nephropathy Department, Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Endocrinology named after Y.Kh. Turakulov
Kamola ALIMOVA Candidate of Medical Sciences, Physician, Diabetic Nephropathy Department, Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Endocrinology named after Y.Kh. Turakulov
Abdulla ABDURAUFOV Resident, Department of Endocrinology and Pediatric Endocrinology, Tashkent State Medical University
Sadoqat DAVLETBAEVA Resident, Department of Endocrinology and Pediatric Endocrinology, Tashkent State Medical University

Keywords:

renal anaemia, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, erythropoietin, hepcidin, iron deficiency

Abstract

Aim. To systematize current evidence on the mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnosis of renal anaemia in patients with chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus. Material and methods. A narrative review of publications from 2010 to 2026 was performed using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and eLIBRARY.ru databases. The analysis included studies containing data on the pathogenesis, laboratory parameters, and treatment approaches to anaemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes mellitus. Results. A decline in erythropoietin production is observed once the glomerular filtration rate falls below 60 mL/min/1.73 m² [1]. In patients with diabetes mellitus, anaemia is recorded at earlier stages of CKD-at a glomerular filtration rate of 60–90 mL/min/1.73 m² [2]. A haemoglobin concentration below 120 g/L is detected in 20–40% of patients with diabetic nephropathy [3]. Elevated hepcidin levels restrict iron mobilization and reduce the efficiency of erythropoiesis [4]. Inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein, correlate with a decline in haemoglobin and with resistance to erythropoietin therapy [5]. Conclusions. Renal anaemia in diabetes mellitus is characterized by an earlier onset and by the coexistence of several pathophysiological mechanisms: erythropoietin deficiency, chronic inflammation, and disturbances of iron metabolism. Diagnosis requires assessment of haemoglobin, ferritin, transferrin, and the level of inflammatory markers. Treatment approaches must take into account the combined nature of the pathogenesis.

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