Clinical and Immunological Characteristics of Bronchial Asthma and Allergic Diseases in Children Living Under Different Climatic Conditions of Namangan Region, Uzbekistan

Abstract

Bronchial asthma, together with other allergic conditions, continues to be among the most prevalent chronic diseases of childhood worldwide, and environmental, climatic and immunological factors have an impact on the prevalence of these diseases. In the present study, the prevalence, clinical features and immune status of bronchial asthma and associated allergic diseases were studied in children of different climatic and geographical zones of the Namangan region of Uzbekistan. The ISAAC methodology was used to carry out a population-based epidemiological survey of 1250 children and adolescents aged 7-8 years and 13-14 years. In addition, a prospective cohort study was conducted with 105 children who already had confirmed allergic diseases to examine the clinical and immunological parameters. The results showed significant differences in prevalence and clinical presentation of the diseases by geographic location: respiratory allergic diseases were more common in children who live in the city. Immunological analysis showed that there was an immune regulation imbalance, as evidenced by a change in the levels of lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+, and CD20+), which is associated with allergic conditions. The findings underscore the impact of climatic and environmental conditions on allergic morbidity and underscore the need for early diagnosis, focused preventive and/or intervention, and region-specific health care strategies to facilitate better management of pediatric allergic disease.