Assessment of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Ahmed Qahtan Abd  Alsattar

doi:10.51699/cajmns.v7i3.3269

Authors

Ahmed Qahtan Abd Alsattar Al-Dur Education Department, Salah al-Din Education Directorate, Ministry of Education, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51699/cajmns.v7i3.3269

Keywords:

Oxidative stress, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Superoxide dismutase, Malondialdehyde, Antioxidant enzymes, Glycated hemoglobin

Abstract

This study aimed to estimate the levels of oxidative stress markers and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to compare them with healthy individuals. The study included 120 volunteers divided into two groups: the patient group (60 individuals with T2DM) and a healthy control group (60 individuals).

The following oxidative stress markers were measured: malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC), along with the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and the level of reduced glutathione (GSH).

The results revealed a statistically significant increase (P<0.001) in MDA and protein carbonyl levels in diabetic patients, accompanied by a marked decrease in the activity of all antioxidant enzymes compared to the control group.

A strong positive correlation (r=+0.78, P<0.001) was observed between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and MDA levels, indicating that poor glycemic control is associated with accelerated lipid peroxidation and increased cellular oxidative damage. Conversely, a strong negative correlation (r=-0.72, P<0.001) was found between HbA1c and SOD activity, suggesting that elevated HbA1c is associated with a significant impairment of the enzymatic antioxidant defense system.

These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanistic link between oxidative stress and diabetic complications, and provide a scientific basis for considering antioxidant-based therapeutic strategies in the management of T2DM.

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