Study of Attenuation Properties  of Some Materials for X-Ray and Gamma Ray Using x Com Program

Zaid Muzher  Nuri; Karar Samen  Ali

doi:10.51699/cajmns.v7i3.3259

Authors

Zaid Muzher Nuri Ministry of Education, General Directorate of Salah al Din Education, Amerli Education, Iraq
Karar Samen Ali Ministry of Education, General Directorate of Salah al Din Education, Tuz Education, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51699/cajmns.v7i3.3259

Keywords:

(Atomic, Electronic) cross section, Mass attenuation coefficient, Mean free path, XCOM program

Abstract

In this research, a number of compounds that can be used as shields against X-rays and gamma rays in various fields, such as hospitals, oncology treatment centres, and research fields such as scientific laboratories and nuclear facilities, were studied. Several attenuation properties (mass and linear attenuation coefficients, half-layer thickness, path rate, molecular, atomic, and electronic cross sections) were studied over the energy range of (0.01-100) MeV using the NIST XCOM database program for each of the compounds (CaWO4_- SnO2_- WO3_- BiOCl-CdWO4_ Ta2O5_ PbO2_ HfO2_ UO2_ and TaC). The results showed that some of these compounds possess good shielding properties, such as (TaC), which has a high attenuation coefficient, especially at low energies where the photoelectric effect dominates. The (SnO2) compound also demonstrated less shielding effectiveness than the other compounds due to its low energy density. Due to its low mass density and relatively medium atomic numbers compared to the rest of the compounds under study, the results also showed that the behaviour of the variables is almost similar, as their values decline quickly - except in cases of the appearance of the Compton edge or the absorption edge - and then a lesser response appears at high energies in which the phenomenon of pair production and triplet production

References

Y. Elmahroug, B. Tellili, and C. Souga, “Calculation of gamma and neutron shielding parameters for some polyethylene-based materials,” International Journal of Physics and Research, vol. 3, pp. 33–40, 2013.

H. O. Tekin, E. Kavaz, A. Papachristodoulou, M. Kamislioglu, O. Agar, E. E. Altunsoy Guclu, O. Kilicoglu, and M. I. Sayyed, “Characterization of SiO2-PbO-CdO-Ga2O3 glasses for comprehensive nuclear shielding performance: Alpha, proton, gamma, neutron radiation,” Ceramics International, vol. 45, pp. 19206–19222, 2019.

CIE, International Lighting Vocabulary, 4th ed. Vienna, Austria: International Commission on Illumination (CIE), 1987. ISBN: 978-3-900734-07-7.

G. K. Pal and P. Pal, “Chapter 52,” in Textbook of Practical Physiology, 1st ed. Chennai, India: Orient Blackswan, 2001, p. 387.

M. Sayyed, A. Kumar, H. Tekin, R. Kaur, M. Singh, O. Agar, and M. U. Khandaker, “Evaluation of gamma-ray and neutron shielding features of heavy metals doped Bi2O3-BaO-Na2O-MgO-B2O3 glass systems,” Progress in Nuclear Energy, vol. 118, p. 103118, 2020.

N. Prabhu, V. Hegde, M. Sayyed, O. Agar, and S. D. Kamath, “Investigations on structural and radiation shielding properties of Er3+ doped zinc bismuth borate glasses,” Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 230, pp. 267–276, 2019.

K. Singh and L. Gerward, “Summary of existing information on gamma-ray and X-ray attenuation coefficients of solutions,” Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Physics, vol. 40, no. 9, pp. 643–649, 2002.

S. S. Obaid, M. Sayyed, D. Gaikwad, and P. Pawar, “Attenuation coefficients and exposure buildup factor of some rocks for gamma ray shielding applications,” Radiation Physics and Chemistry, vol. 148, pp. 86–94, 2018.

K. Singh, N. Singh, K. J. Singh, and H. Singh, “Comparative study of lead borate and bismuth lead borate glass systems as gamma-radiation shielding materials,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, vol. 225, no. 3, pp. 305–309, 2004. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2004.05.016

V. P. Singh and N. M. Badiger, “Shielding efficiency of lead borate and nickel borate glasses for gamma rays and neutrons,” Glass Physics and Chemistry, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 276–283, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1087659615030177

Y. B. Saddeek, K. A. Aly, and M. S. Shaaban, “Physical, optical, structural and gamma-ray shielding properties of lead sodium borate glasses,” Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, vol. 72, no. 4, pp. 245–251, 2011. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2011.01.007

P. Kaur, K. J. Singh, S. Thakur, P. Singh, and B. S. Bajwa, “Investigation of bismuth borate glass system modified with barium for structural and gamma-ray shielding properties,” Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, vol. 206, pp. 367–377, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2018.08.038

Y. S. Rammah, H. O. Tekin, C. Sriwunkum, I. Olarinoye, A. Alalawi, M. S. Al-Buriahi, T. Nutaro, and B. T. Tonguc, “Investigations on borate glasses within SBC-Bx system for gamma-ray shielding applications,” Nuclear Engineering and Technology, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 282–293, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2020.06.034

A. Aboalatta, J. Asad, M. Humaid, H. Musleh, S. K. K. Shaat, K. Ramadan, M. I. Sayyed, Y. Alajerami, and N. Aldahoudi, “Experimental investigation of zinc sodium borate glass systems containing barium oxide for gamma radiation shielding applications,” Nuclear Engineering and Technology, vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 3058–3067, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2021.04.002

M. S. Al-Buriahi, “Gamma attenuation parameters of some borate glasses,” arXiv preprint arXiv:2012.12315, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.12315