Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science

Improving Treatment Strategies for Acute Pancreatitis: Advantages and Potential of Video Endoscopy

Sun, 02 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Acute pancreatitis remains one of the most common and severe inflammatory diseases of the abdominal cavity, accounting for approximately 25% of all acute abdominal pathologies. By comparison, acute appendicitis and acute cholecystitis account for 26% and 28%, respectively. According to global statistics, the mortality rate in acute pancreatitis ranges from 10% to 15%. The high mortality is primarily attributed to delayed medical intervention, incorrect initial diagnosis, and failure to accurately determine the stage and severity of the disease. The purpose of this study was to expand and optimize diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities of laparoscopy and videoendoscopy in patients with emergency surgery on acute pancreatitis. For our study we selected 34 patients with acute pancreatitis, 23 men 67,6% and 11 women 32,3%. From our selection 8 patients 23,5% came to the hospital from 6 to 12 hours from the beginning of the disease, 13 patients 38,2% from 12 to 24 hours, 9 patients 26,4% from 24 to 36 hours and 4 patients 11,7% after 36 hours. Eighteen patients 52,9% of our patients had the combined videoendoscopic and laparoscopic techniques applied ERCP + EPST + laparoscopy and sixteen patients 47% had a conservative therapy. Positive clinical results in our selection were performed in the vast majority of patients after minimal invasive interventions. The overall mortality rate was 11,8%, and this rate was several times lower as compared to techniques of general surgeries implemented in different surgical departments. The combined use of laparoscopy and videoendoscopic techniques enabled us to make an accurate diagnosis and effectively manage all complications of the pancreas. The combined use of videolaparoscopic and videoendoscopic techniques represents an effective, safe, and minimally invasive approach for the management of acute pancreatitis and its complications, leading to improved diagnostic accuracy, reduced postoperative complications, and better overall treatment outcomes.

Experimental Evaluation of the Antihypoxic and Antioxidant Activity of the Phytocomposition “Glizimed” in Models of Hypobaric and Hemic Hypoxia

Yulduz Allaberganovna Kurbanniyozova, Aziza Ollaberganovna Ollaberganova — Sun, 02 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study was conducted to evaluate the antihypoxic and antioxidant effects of the phytocomposition “Glizimed”, prepared from medicinal plants, in experimental models of hypobaric and hemic hypoxia in mice, and to identify possible pathogenetic mechanisms underlying its protective action. Experimental studies were carried out in the vivarium of the Department of Sanitary and Epidemiological Control, Main Medical Directorate, under the Administration of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The experiments involved male albino mice weighing 18–24 g, divided into control and treatment groups. Glizimed was administered intragastrically at doses of 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg. Piracetam (100 mg/kg) and Phytin (200 mg/kg) served as reference drugs. Hypobaric hypoxia was induced by simulating ascent to an altitude of 11,000 m, while hemic hypoxia was modeled by subcutaneous sodium nitrite administration (200 mg/kg). Survival time was recorded as the criterion of antihypoxic activity. Administration of Glizimed significantly increased the lifespan of mice compared with control: by 140.4% under hypobaric hypoxia and by 141.1% under hemic hypoxia. The phytocomposition exhibited superior efficacy compared to Piracetam and Phytin, especially at 25 mg/kg. Glizimed demonstrates pronounced antihypoxic and antioxidant properties in experimental hypoxia, suggesting potential use as a natural pharmacological protector against oxygen deficiency.

Cold Atmospheric Plasma for Food Safety and Preservation: Mechanisms, Applications, and Challenges

Maryam G. Jasim — Fri, 07 Nov 2025 04:00:17 +0000

The largest issues facing the modern food industry are food security and protection, as microbiological contamination, low nutritional quality, and chemical deficiencies directly endanger both public health and financial stability. Energy expenditure, alterations in sensory quality, and customer issues with chemical residues are all consequences of traditional preservation techniques including chilling, pasteurization, and chemical additions. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has proven to be a promising non-citrus, environmentally friendly technology that can effectively neutralize a wide range of microorganisms and at the same time maintain nutrition and sensory quality of food, maintains food nutrition and sensory quality.In addition to microbial inactivity and biochemical alterations, such as rollers in the form of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RON), this review offers a thorough observation of plasma file interactions. We also talk about the influence of CAP on food quality attributes, the difficulties in widespread adoption, and new developments in CAP applications in other food areas. Lastly, the future strategy is shown to integrate with existing food safety technologies, industry acceptance, and regulatory considerations.

Advances in the Management of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Current Insights and Future Directions

Ali Muhye Aldeen Rasheed — Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Among ocular diseases, AMD is one of the major causes leading to visual loss in elderly population and has high rate of impact on quality of life. Effective treatment is challenging, even as therapeutic options evolve while The objective of the present study is to assess our progress in AMD management focusing on the efficacy, visual acuity results, compliance data, and overall health-related quality of life and collected in our study One hundred and six patients with a diagnosis of AMD were reviewed after 1 year in various hospitals in Iraq between 2024 and 2025. We evaluated VA, treatment methods, and complications as well as QOL in questionnaires and eye checkups as well as Visual acuity gain post treatment was substantial with 37.7% gaining to 20/20. The most frequent were anti-VEGF injections (56.6%). Compliance was very good, 56.6 percent were absolutely compliant. Satisfaction among patients was high, with the majority achieving significant gains in the quality of their life so finally Progress in the treatment of AMD, and especially with anti-VEGF therapy, has been reflected in better visual outcome and patient satisfaction. Patient education and compliance are critical to optimizing treatment results.

The The Effects of Mobile Phones Use (Light Exposure) on The Eyes of Children Aged 4-12 Years

Sat, 08 Nov 2025 00:10:13 +0000

The widespread use of mobile devices among children has prompted concerns about the effects of screen exposure on pediatric ocular health. While existing literature links prolonged screen time to digital eye strain and myopia, the specific impact of mobile phones warrants further investigation. This study aimed to assess the correlation between mobile phone use and self-reported ocular complaints in children aged 4 to 12 years. An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted using a survey distributed to 126 participants in Wasit governorate. The survey collected data on demographics, mobile phone usage patterns (daily hours and cumulative years), and the prevalence of ocular symptoms like eye strain. Statistical analysis was performed to identify significant associations. The analysis revealed only weak correlations between mobile phone exposure and self-reported eye complaints. While age was significantly correlated with daily usage and total years of use, a notable negative correlation was found between cumulative years of use and reported eye strain. This suggests children with longer exposure did not report more symptoms. Most other associations were non-significant. Contrary to previous studies, this research found weak direct links between mobile phone use and subjective ocular complaints in children. This may indicate adaptive behaviors or reporting biases. Nonetheless, given established risks from other studies, preventive strategies like moderated use and regular breaks remain a prudent recommendation for safeguarding children's eye health.

Determining The Effect of Stratification Methods on The Germination of Tetradium Daniellii Seeds

M. M. Mamadjanova — Tue, 11 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Tetradium daniellii (syn. Evodia hupehensis Dode), commonly known as the bee-bee tree or Korean evodia, is a fast-growing deciduous tree that produces fragrant flowers in the summer, a time when few other trees are in bloom. Due to the extreme hardness of Tetradium daniellii seeds, special pre-sowing treatments were applied. The internal structure of the seeds was studied by preparing anatomical sections. In order to determine the effects of initial treatments—i.e., stratification methods—on seed germination, experiments were conducted. These experiments were carried out using three different variants:1.Control – without any pre-treatment; 2.Four cycles of freezing (-18°C) and thawing (at 24°C, room temperature); 3.Soaking in warm water at 40°C for 24 hours. During the experiments, the germination rate, germination energy, and viability indicators of the seeds under each variant were determined. In this article, laboratory observations were also conducted by placing the seeds in a thermostat at temperatures of +15°C, +20°C, +25°C, and +30°C to determine the effect of temperature on Tetradium daniellii seed germination. The results are presented accordingly.

Effect of Storage Duration on The Germination of Tetradium Daniellii Seeds Under Andijan Conditions

M. M. Mamadjanova — Tue, 11 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article investigates the influence of storage duration on the germination of Tetradium daniellii seeds. Experimental results showed that as the storage period increased, the germination rate consistently decreased. The lowest germination rate, 8%, was observed in seeds stored for three years. The study scientifically confirmed that extended storage negatively affects the biological activity of T. daniellii seeds. According to the results, seeds stored for one year demonstrated the highest germination rate, reaching 46.6%. The seed's placement within the soil determines how well it can access air, moisture, and temperature. For this reason, the experiment also examined three different sowing depths: 0.5–1.0 cm, 1.0–1.5 cm, and 1.5–2.0 cm, and the results are presented accordingly.

Novel Serum FABP4 and FABP4/ Adiponectin Ratio as Predictive Biomarkers of Metabolic Risk in Type 2 Diabetes

Daroon Essam Raffik — Wed, 12 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

One important adipokine that connects adipose tissue dysfunction to metabolic issues in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4). The ratio of FABP4 to adiponectin is a new integrated biomarker that shows how pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines are balanced. Using a thorough stratified analysis across demographic and clinical subgroups, assess blood FABP4 levels and the FABP4/adiponectin ratio as predictive biomarkers for insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, and hepatic dysfunction in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Gender-stratified analysis revealed stronger correlations in females (r=0.68 vs r=0.57 in males, p=0.032). Multivariate analysis identified FABP4 /adiponectin ratio (β=0.49, 95% CI: 0.35-0.63), CRP (β=0.22, 95% CI: 0.08-0.36), and BMI (β=0.18, 95% CI: 0.05-0.31) as independent predictors of HOMA-IR (R²=0.71, p<0.001). T2DM patients exhibited significantly elevated FABP4 levels (12.5±3.2 vs. 6.8±2.1 ng/mL, p<0.001) and reduced adiponectin (7.8±2.5 vs. 11.2±3.1 μg/mL, p<0.001), resulting in a markedly higher FABP4/adiponectin ratio (1.61±0.7 vs. 0.62±0.3, p<0.001). The FABP4/adiponectin ratio demonstrated superior predictive accuracy for insulin resistance (AUC=0.87, 95% CI: 0.83-0.91) compared to FABP4 alone (AUC=0.78), adiponectin alone (AUC=0.74), or HbA1c (AUC=0.72). Gender-stratified analysis revealed stronger correlations in females (r=0.78 vs. r=0.66 in males, p=0.018) with gender-specific optimal cut-offs (>1.15 for females, >1.35 for males). Multivariate regression identified the FABP4/adiponectin ratio as the strongest independent predictors of HOMA-IR (β=0.49, 95% CI: 0.35-0.63, p<0.001), followed by CRP (β=0.22, p=0.002) and BMI (β=0.18, p=0.010), with the model explaining 74% of variance (R²=0.74, p<0.001). A clinical risk score stratified patients into low (39%), moderate (44.5%), and high risk (16.5%) categories with corresponding severe insulin resistance rates of 10%, 25%, and 60%, respectively. The FABP4/adiponectin ratio represents a robust integrated biomarker superior to traditional markers for comprehensive metabolic risk assessment in T2DM. Gender-specific variations and clear clinical cut-off values support its implementation for therapeutic monitoring and personalized treatment strategies in diabetes management.

Challenges of Nursing Care Plan for Guillain-Barre Syndrome: A Review of Literature

Rebaz Ismael Ali , Darya Yaseen Mustafs, Shelan Qahraman Shakor — Sat, 08 Nov 2025 13:37:11 +0000

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) affects physical and psychosocial deficits and affects about 2 people in 100,000 each year. The syndrome causes peripheral nerve demyelination, which leads to gradual motor weakening and paralysis. This section should provide the nursing care plan with an overview of Guillain-Barré syndrome. The pathogenesis of the syndrome, manifestation presentation, phase nurse assessments and administration, and present therapy choices are all covered. The goal of this article is to provide a review of the nursing care plan for GBS patients.

AI-Powered Attendance Management System Using Facial Recognition

R. Sivakani, T. Shynu, M. Mohamed Sameer Ali, S. Suman Rajest, R. Regin — Sun, 09 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Traditional ways of keeping track of attendance, including signing in by hand or swiping an ID card, can take a long time, be wrong, and be open to proxy attendance. This project presents an Attendance Management System Using Facial Recognition to solve these problems. This system is faster, more accurate, and safer than the current ones. The system uses cutting-edge facial recognition technology to automatically find and recognize student faces in real time. The system uses a pre-trained deep learning model and a high-resolution camera to take pictures, identify people, and mark attendance without any help from a person. Face detection and identification algorithms make sure that the results are quite accurate, even when the lighting or face expressions change. The program has a simple UI and capabilities like automatic attendance tracking, reporting, and data storage. It also makes attendance reports in real time, which cuts down on the work of administrators and makes everything run more smoothly. This approach makes attendance monitoring more reliable while lowering the chance of fake entries. Possible future improvements include support for larger datasets through continuous model training, integration with mobile devices, and cloud-based data storage. The study shows how AI and computer vision may make common administrative jobs easier for schools and businesses.

Lessons from 63 Consecutive Cases in a Developing Country Setting on the Surgical Spectrum of Anorectal Malformations (ARMs)

Haidar Mohammed Muhssein — Mon, 10 Nov 2025 13:37:05 +0000

A vast variety of congenital abnormalities of the distal anus and rectum are referred to as anorectal malformations (ARMs). Neonatal surgery has advanced, but because of delayed diagnosis and a lack of resources, the burden is still high in developing nations. The purpose of this study is to outline the range of ARM types, surgical techniques, and initial results from an Iraqi tertiary facility. All ARM patients treated at a tertiary pediatric surgery unit between January 2016 and March 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics, fistula type, surgical technique, and early postoperative results were among the information gathered. The Krickenbeck classification was used to categorize ARMs by sex. 39 male patients (61.9%) and 24 female patients (38.1%) made up the 63 consecutive patients that were included. The most frequent abnormality in males was rectoperineal fistula (15/39, 38.5%), which was followed by rectobulbar (12/39, 30.8%), rectoprostatic (8/39, 20.5%), imperforate anus without fistula (3/39, 7.7%), and rectobladder neck fistula (1/39, 2.5%). Rectovestibular fistula was the most common in females (12/24, 50%), followed by rectoperineal (9/24, 37.5%), cloaca (2/24, 8.3%), and imperforate anus without fistula (1/24, 4.2%). While high and intermediate lesions were repaired in stages using colostomy and posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP), the majority of low lesions were treated with perineal anoplasty. Eleven patients (17.5%) experienced early postoperative complications, mainly mild anal stenosis and wound infection. There was no perioperative death. The prevalence of low and intermediate ARMs in Iraqi children is highlighted in this study, which also emphasizes how crucial early diagnosis, referral, and suitable staging are to positive results. Increasing the capacity of neonatal surgical services in developing nations is still essential to achieving better long-term outcomes.

Y-Chromosome Variation in the Iraqi Population

Ammar M. Shakir — Mon, 10 Nov 2025 15:37:36 +0000

Iraq is considered the cradle of civilizations and the oldest civilization in the world. Due to historical events over the ages, this has led to the gathering of many origins, nationalities, and religions within Iraq, resulting in genetic diversity within Iraq. Studying of genetic diversity among the origins and ethnicities of Iraq by collecting 1502 samples specifically from men from different parts of the country and from different ethnicities and religions, analyzing the Y chromosome, and comparing the results with Advanced Y-chromosome testing methods were employed, including Y-STR and Y-SNP markers, as well as the Big Y-700 and Family Finder tests based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) and SNP array technologies. In the present study, Y-chromosome analysis revealed that haplogroup J1 was the most prevalent (over 31%), followed by J2 (≈20%), E-M35 (12%), T1-M70 (6.6%), G-M201 (≈6.46%), R-M269 (6.4%), and R-M198 (6.2%).The genetic analysis, 1,093 Arab samples were examined, with 514 undergoing detailed SNP testing. The dominant paternal lineage was haplogroup J1 (36%), followed by J2 (17%), E-M35 (12%), T-M70 (7.7%), G-M201 (5.3%), R-M198 (5.22%), and R-M269 (4.3%), reflecting the major paternal components of the Arab population in Iraq. Genetic analyses in Iraq show that haplogroup J, particularly branches J1 and J2, comprise over half of male Y-chromosome lineages. Haplogroup J1-FGC1695 is predominant among Iraqi Arabs, representing 78% of J1 samples and indicating a population expansion about 3,000 years ago. Genetic diversity among Arabs is influenced by Iraq’s lengthy history of migrations, although certain groups like the Romani and Kakais present approximate results due to smaller sample sizes. The Romani display 40% Indian ancestry and a paternal lineage suggesting recent migration, while the Yazidis lack distinct genetic clustering.

InceptiNeuro-V2B1: A Hybrid Transfer Learning Framework for Real-Time Brain Tumour Detection and Classification

S.R. Saranya, M. Mohamed Sameer Ali, M. Mohamed Thariq — Wed, 12 Nov 2025 06:00:07 +0000

Detecting brain tumors is still a big problem in medical diagnostics. This is made even harder by the fact that there aren't many labeled datasets, MRI imaging quality varies, and high diagnostic accuracy is needed in clinical situations where time is of the essence. Conventional manual diagnosis is time-intensive and prone to observer variability, whereas independent deep learning models frequently encounter generalization challenges, especially within limited and imbalanced medical datasets. To tackle these challenges, this study presents InceptiNeuro-V2B1, a hybrid transfer learning-based CNN system for accurate and instantaneous brain tumor classification. The suggested approach utilizes MobileNetV2 as a pre-trained foundational model, meticulously adjusted to differentiate between glioma, meningioma, pituitary tumors, and normal brain scans, employing sophisticated preprocessing and real-time data augmentation techniques. The model is part of a web app built on Flask that lets users upload MRI images directly and get real-time predictions on tumors. Using a public brain MRI dataset for evaluation, Inceptineuro-V2B1- V2B1 got a test accuracy of 95.1% and high precision, recall, and F1-scores for all types of tumors. The system guarantees strong performance even on imbalanced datasets by using transfer learning, a lightweight architecture, and clinical usability. InceptiNeuro-V2B1 is a decision-support tool for real-world medical settings that is scalable, ready to be deployed, and efficient. It improves early diagnosis and treatment planning in neuro-oncology.

Design and Development of a Mental Health Chatbot Using Natural Language Processing for Emotional Support

G. Rajasekaran, M. Mohamed Sameer Ali, S. Suman Rajest, R. Regin — Mon, 17 Nov 2025 15:36:09 +0000

Mental health is an important part of overall health, especially for those who are getting occupational therapy, since emotional strength is often a big part of healing and adaptability. This project shows a simple mental health chatbot that uses Natural Language Processing (NLP) to have helpful chats and check in on people's feelings. The chatbot's goal is to help people talk about their feelings, deal with stress, and find self-help tools in a safe, private space. The chatbot isn't a replacement for professional therapy, but it can be a useful initial step in the larger field of occupational therapy. Mental health is an essential aspect of a person's total well-being, affecting their thoughts, emotions, and behaviours in everyday life. This project shows how to design and build a simple mental health chatbot that uses Natural Language Processing (NLP) to talk to users in a friendly way. It is made to recognise fundamental feelings like grief, worry, and tension by using keyword recognition and rudimentary sentiment analysis. It then responds with consoling words, grounding techniques, or positive reinforcement.

Enhanced h-BN Nanosheets Through Adsorption and Point Defects for Two-Dimensional Electronic Applications: A DFT Study

Zainab Shaker Mahmoud, Issa Z. Hassan — Mon, 17 Nov 2025 16:03:57 +0000

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is a leading two-dimensional (2D) material that features an atomic structure similar to graphene but is characterized by its wide band gap and exceptional insulating properties, positioning it as a promising option for nanoelectronics and dielectric applications. Nevertheless, its relatively large band gap of approximately 6 eV restricts its applicability in electronic devices that demand semiconducting characteristics. Consequently, this research aims to enhance the electronic properties of h-BN nanosheets by incorporating point defects and nickel (Ni) adsorption on the surface, employing Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations under the GGA-PBE approximation, as implemented in the CASTEP code. Starting from pristine h-BN, we constructed defective structures containing boron and nitrogen vacancies, along with Ni adsorbed at various surface sites. The findings indicated that the introduction of point defects resulted in local structural deformations around the defect sites, leading to a complete loss of the band gap and a shift in electronic behavior from an insulating to a conducting state. On the other hand, the adsorption of Ni established a strong interaction between the Ni 3d and N 2p orbitals, resulting in a reduction of the band gap to 0.58 eV, which signifies a transition from insulating to semiconducting behavior. These results demonstrate that enhancing the electronic properties of h-BN nanosheets through the introduction of point defects and Ni adsorption is an effective approach, making them promising candidates for two-dimensional nanoelectronics and nanophotonic applications.

Immune-Mediated Alterations of Thyroid Autoantibodies and Hormone Levels in Pediatric Outpatients Following COVID-19 Infection with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

Ashraf Fadhil Jomah — Sun, 16 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The COVID-19 pandemic has systemic effects other than respiratory diseases with major impact on endocrine system. Recent investigations have demonstrated an association of thyroid dysfunction with COVID-19 in adults as well as children. It aims to explore the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on thyroid function (TSH, T3, T4) and thyroid autoantibodies (anti-TPO, anti-TG) in pediatric Outpatient with previous diagnosis of AITD. All patients enrolled in the study were Outpatient with COVID-19 and managing symptoms or infection .By analyzing pre-and post-COVID-19 infection profiles in 30 patients who were < 7 years old, we detect significant changes in biochemical and immunological markers, which suggest the hypothesis of COVID-19 as a trigger or exacerbating condition for pediatric thyroid dysfunction

Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response to Indoor VOC Exposure: Biomarker Analysis in Iraqi Women

Batool Khalil Mohammed — Tue, 25 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

By producing reactive oxygen species and depleting antioxidants, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from Household cleaning products can cause oxidative stress and inflammation. Formaldehyde levels in Iraqi homes were found to be 2.3 times higher than WHO limits (231.7 vs. 89.4 μg/m³) in our previous assessment, while benzene levels were similarly elevated. Howeve, little was known about the biological effects of such exposure. Assess inflammatory biomarker and oxidative stress in females exposed to household volatile organic compounds. A cross-Sectional Stud conducted in Kirkuk, lraq (January -October 2024) involved 120 female housewives who were categorized as either low-exposure (n=60) or high-exposure (n=60) to indoor volatile organic compounds. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathion (GSH), catalase, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), nitric oxide, 8-isoprostane, protein carbonyls, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in fasting venous blood. ELISA was used to measure interleukin-6 (Il-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α). Significant oxidative and inflammatory alterations were observed in the high-exposure group: MDA rose 43% (p<0.001), GSH and catalase fell 37% and 33%, TAC fell 33% , and SOD fell 21% . TNF- α and lL- 6 rose by 79% and 73% , respectively (both p< 0.001). GSH depletion (β = -0.68) and MDA rise (β =0.65 ) were best predicted by formaldehyde. Women who are exposed to household VOCs experience significant oxidative stress and inflammation, which is similar to patterns observed in chronic diseases. The primary contributor, formaldehyde, emphasizes the necessity of exposure control and preventive measures based on antioxidants.

Back Pain Among Nurses in al-Nasiriyah, Iraq: An Overview

Ali Talib Hameed, Hussein abdulmohsin Dabis — Fri, 12 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

One of the most common skeletal health issues in the globe and a typical complaint among nurses is back pain. It has a direct effect on nurses' work output and lowers the total quantity and standard of healthcare that patients get. This research aims to identify main etiology of back pain and prevalence and factors that effected on nurses in al-Nasiriyah city, Iraq and provide clinical recommendations to decrease tis back pain. To enhance workplace environment and ensure good health outcomes for patients and nurses, should be understood these factors by policy makers, health care managers and nurses. In Al-Nasiriyah, 170 participants (nurses) from four governments hospitals in a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data collect by questionnaire includes nurses demographic characteristics and factors associated to nurses back pain in work. For analysis of data utilized SPSS version 26.0. The findings of the study indicated that the most of the nurses reported back pain during work. The majority of back pain cases wase found among nurses that worked in Medical-Surgical (Med/Surg) wards. Additionally, the most common factors related to back pain among nurses was lifting patients and followed by transferring patients. As result Most of participant nurses who reported back pain experienced restricted of their activity. According to the research, the patients lifting and transporting is the main etiologic of the prevalence of back pain among nurses. It enshrines the need to using assistive equipment, appropriate training and safety handling techniques. Nurses’ well-being can be promoting, and back pain can be decreased by more study and enhanced reporting.

Microbiota of the Upper Respiratory Tract in Patients With Severe Bronchial Asthma

Sat, 22 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

A total of 26 severe bronchial asthma patients were studied (9 men — 34.6%, 17 women — 65.4%; mean age ± years, 41.9 ±15.8). Disease severity was classified according to GINA-2024. Aerobic bacteria were isolated in 83–85% of nasopharyngeal specimens. The identified isolates were Staphylococcus epidermidis (57.7%), Staphy aureus (30.8%) and Staphy haemolyticus (3.8%) in addition to Candida spp. (11.5%). For S. aureus, 60% was MRSA resistant to β-lactams; macrolides and tetracyclines while all strains were susceptible to aminoglycosides and co-trimoxazole. Candida spp. isolates were highly resistant to azole antifungals. These results show that bacteria frequently staphylococci, resistant ones included are part of the flora of severe asthma and suggest that surveillance for microbiological data combined with anti-infective therapy based on solid evidence are warranted.

Prediction of Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Based on Ultrasonographic Findings

Hassan Khalil Melek — Sun, 23 Nov 2025 15:48:58 +0000

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) represents the best treatment in symptomatic cholelithiasis with better results than open surgery, in terms of recovery time, postoperative pain, and hospitalization. Nevertheless, some large proportion of LC operations 10 percent to 30 percent in the world are termed technically challenging owing to intense inflammation, thick adhesions, or atypical anatomy. These instances have been linked with increased number of intraoperative complications especially the injury of the bile duct that has remained one of the gravest and most expensive surgical events in general surgery. In low-resource practice like in Iraq, where advanced imaging (e.g., MRCP), intraoperative cholangiography and specialized hepatobiliary surgeons are scarce, predicting preoperative surgical difficulty has become not only clinically useful, but even a patient-saving and resource-conserving tool. The purpose of the research is to determine the predictive capacity of routinely available ultrasonographic results in the determination of the high-risk patients facing a difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital, Wasit Province, Iraq. We also suggest a non-complicated and evidence-based ultrasound scoring system, which can be applied in everyday clinical practice in similar environments with limited resources.180 adult patients who undergo LC between January 2023 and December 2024 were used as prospective subjects of the observational study. Certified radiologists conducted preoperative abdominal ultrasound, including the evaluation of such parameters as the gallbladder wall thickness, the presence of pericholecystic fluid, stone impaction, and cystic duct visibility as well as gallbladder distension. The Nassar scale (Grades I III IV) was validated as an intraoperative tool to determine surgical difficulty, whereby Grades III and IV were considered difficult procedures. Independent predictors were identified by means of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to examine the diagnostic capability of a composite ultrasound score. One hundred and seventy cases (170) could be analyzed but 42 of them (24.7) were defined as difficult LC. Multivariate analysis helped to identify independent predictors, such as the gallbladder wall being thicker than 4 mm (adjusted OR = 4.2; 95% CI: 1.9 911.7; p = 0.001), presence of impacted stones (OR = 3.8; 95% CI: 1.78.5; p = 0.002), and absence of visualization of the cystic duct on ultrasound (OR = 5.1; 95 A three-variable predictive regression model had area under the ROC curve( AU C) 0.89, sensitivity 86% and specificity 81% at a cut off score of 2 or more. Preoperative ultrasonography which is a relatively cheap and widely available modality in hospitals in Iraq can be useful in predicting challenging laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The suggested ultrasound-based scoring system is a viable solution in terms of risk stratification, allowing to plan the surgery better, to counsel the patient better, and to be safer, especially in provincial healthcare facilities such as Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital where the presence of advanced backup resources can be restricted.

Advanced Microprocessor-Controlled Mechanical Ventilator: Design, Performance Analysis, and Clinical Evaluation

Mon, 24 Nov 2025 08:10:43 +0000

This paper discusses three key aspects of the ventilator's function and design and also its practical application in the healthcare industry. Mechanical ventilation, as a healthcare technique, has undergone great changes in the last century and has become an essential part of every Modern Intensive Care Unit. As such, in this paper, the fundamentals of ventilator design, specifically the engineering of the pneumatic control systems, electronics, and safety control systems, will be described. The current models and working units of ventilators are of prime interest to me. I describe and explain different models: VCV, PCV, CPAP, and BiPAP. In assessing the said topic, the design and build of these devices will be discussed, focusing on the primary requirements, the increasing of the safety of the devices, to improve patient safety, namely effective flow control and monitoring, pressure control, and real-time corrective mechanisms. In the developed countries, the ventilators fitted with ultra-reliable modern devices include control systems and efficient alarm systems. The Performance Criteria for Ventilators shall be to deliver the target tidal volume at a control of ±10% and pressure of ±2 cmH20. High performance, in this case, is the standard in Critical Care with regard to Ventilators. This paper discusses three key aspects of the ventilator's function and design and its practical application in the healthcare industry. Mechanical ventilation, as a healthcare technique, has evolved significantly over the past century and turned into a vital element in every Modern Intensive Care Unit. In this paper, the fundamentals of ventilator design, specifically the engineering of the pneumatic control systems, electronics, and safety control systems, are outlined. Ventilators currently in circulation, both models and working units, are of primary interest to me, and I also describe and explain different models, including VCV, PCV, CPAP, and BiPAP. In this assessment, I describe the design and build of these devices to focus on the primary requirements for increasing the safety of the devices and improving patient safety, i.e., effective flow control and monitoring, pressure control, and real-time corrective mechanisms. In developed countries, ventilators are fitted with ultra-reliable modern devices: ultra-reliable control systems, efficient alarm systems. The Performance Criteria for Ventilators is for the device to deliver the target tidal volume at a control of ±10% and pressure of ±2 cmH20. High Performance, in this case, is the Standard in Critical Care for Ventilators.

Fracture Prevention through Strategic Endodontic Reductions: Implications for Clinical Practice

Thu, 27 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Pulpectomy is a common dental treatment for infected or inflamed primary teeth, aimed at preserving tooth function and preventing fractures. Where cases were 65 of pulpectomy performed under local or general anesthesia were evaluated. Survival outcomes and fracture prevention were assessed using Kaplan-Meier estimators and Cox regression models, analyzing variables such as age, sex, anesthesia type, and root canal materials. Most treated teeth had severe caries (77%) and were molars (68%). Radiographic findings showed no pathology in 46% of cases, while 40% presented periapical radiolucency. Treatment success was high at 94%, with only 5% of teeth developing fractures. Stainless steel crowns were used in nearly 88% of cases as the final restoration, so finally we concloude that Pulpectomy is an effective procedure to maintain primary teeth, minimize fractures, and ensure patient satisfaction. Proper case selection and restoration techniques contribute to improved treatment outcomes in pediatric dental care.

Enhanced Pulse Oximetry Systems: Design, Signal Processing, and Clinical Validation

Wed, 03 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This in-depth study delves into the basics, hardware design, and clinical trials of contemporary pulse oximetry technology. By thoroughly analyzing photoplethysmographic signal processing, we designed and evaluated a transmission-mode pulse oximeter that used dual-wavelength optical sensing at 660 nm (red) and 940 nm (infrared).The research goes beyond accuracy issues raised by the FDA due to changes in skin pigmentation and focuses primarily on removing bias in populations with melanin-rich skin. Our prototype features a top-notch analog front-end (AFE4403) combined with adaptive filtering algorithms and hence, it achieves an accuracy root mean square (ARMS) of 1.8% in the 70-100% SpO₂ range. The clinical validation included 150 subjects who were categorized according to the Fitzpatrick skin type's I-VI. It was found that the device performance for the darkly pigmented population was significantly better than that of the baseline instruments (bias changed from +3.2% to +0.8%).The apparatus reveals a reaction time of fewer than 5 seconds, a noise from motion removal capability of over 90% and an energy consumption of 45 mW, thus, it can be used in both clinical and home monitoring settings. Such results constitute a significant step towards the elimination of racial and ethnic disparities in the performance of medical devices while at the same time, fulfilling the diagnostic accuracy requirements for critical care decision-making.

Design and Implementation of a Microprocessor-Controlled Digital Radiography System for Medical Applications

Fri, 28 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This paper presents an affordable digital medical diagnostic system that integrates a high-frequency x-ray generator, a digital flat-panel detector, and an ARM Cortex-M4 microcontroller for automated exposure control and real-time image processing. The prototype achieves a spatial resolution of 3.5 lp/mm and a detective quantum efficiency of 52% at 0.5 cycles/mm. It operates at a tube voltage of 40-125 kVp with an accuracy of ±2% and exposure times ranging from 0.01 to 3.2 seconds. Notably, a new feedback loop algorithm reduces patient dose by 23% compared to traditional systems while maintaining diagnostic image quality as per ISO 7004-1. With a total component cost of $4,850, it represents a 68% reduction compared to entry-level commercial systems. Validation was performed using anthropomorphic phantoms and cadaveric specimens across five anatomical regions. The system meets IEC 60601-1-3 safety standards and addresses healthcare challenges in underserved areas. Future developments will focus on incorporating machine learning for image enhancement and expanding the detector area for whole-body radiography.

Advanced Design and Clinical Validation of a Low-Cost 12-Lead ECG Monitoring System

Mon, 01 Dec 2025 12:48:59 +0000

This‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‍‌ research details the conception, innovation, and confirmation of a less, easy-to-carry 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) device for use in the hospital and expensive remote monitoring. In order to record clean cardiac signals, the planned system employs cutting-edge analog front-end instrumentation amplifiers, a precision right-leg drive circuit, and an integrated wireless transmission module. The instrument has a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 42 dB, an input impedance of more than 100 MΩ, and a common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of over 90 dB at the 0.05-150 Hz frequency range. Clinical validation involved 50 patients, with results being compared to those of a commercial GE MAC 2000 ECG machine. The correlation coefficient for QRS complex detection was 0.987, and arrhythmia classification accuracy was 99.2%. The entire production cost is lowered by 68% in comparison to commercial equivalents. The device uses Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE 5.0) to send data to cloud-based diagnostic platforms in real-time, thus enabling telemedicine applications. The power usage is made efficient enough to 150 mW during a continuous operation, hence a single 3.7V Li-ion battery charge can energize the device for 24-hour monitoring. This study is a proof-of-concept that expensive ECG monitoring can be done for a fraction of the cost while maintaining the same level of diagnostic accuracy, thus cardiac care could find its way into the most deprived areas of the world.

GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oil Isolated from Mediasia Macrophylla Pimen Plants

Sun, 30 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Mediasia macrophylla Pimen, a forthcoming source of bioactive substances, has not been sufficiently investigated, and this study reveals the chemical composition of its essential oil. There is little prior research for this genus, indicating a knowledge gap regarding its chemical and functional characteristics. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive laboratory study of the chemical composition of this essential oil, which was isolated by hydrodistillation and subsequently analyzed by GC-MS.

Twenty five compounds was found in the extraction, with methyleugenol as the major component (46.28%) followed by trans ligustilide (11.66%) and geranyl acetate (7.45%). The highest percentage of oil was made up of phenylpropanoids, esters, terpenes, phenols and lactones. Chiral properties were demonstrated by several components, implying that isomeric differences might impact both aroma and biological activities. The present results provide the first in depth chemical characterization of the essential oilof the species while also revealing the presence of compounds with established antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

Therefore, these results indicate strong applications in the field of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and aromatherapy. Collection from Account Track Macro This initial study addresses an important gap by documenting the chemical diversity of the essential oil of M. macrophylla and lays the groundwork for future studies focused on the chemical, pharmacological, and enantiomeric composition of M. macrophylla essential oil.

Detection of Relationship of Histopathological and Clinical Features of Colon Cancer in patient's

Sabreen Saleem Abd Alkreem Alsaqi — Sun, 30 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Colon cancer, also referred to as colorectal carcinoma when associated with rectal cancer, A heightened rate of colonic epithelial proliferation and an expansion of the cryptal proliferative zone are likely indicators of enhanced susceptibility to colonic cancer. Colonic cancer is not a singular disease; instead, it comprises a heterogeneous array of diseases characterized by distinct genetic and epigenetic alterations. The aim of this study was to identify correlations between histopathological examination and clinical symptoms. A total of 50 tissue blocks embedded in paraffin wax were utilized. A total of 50 patients with colon cancer (17 females and 33 males) underwent histopathological examination using a staining technique involving hematoxylin and eosin. Our study found that the average age of the patients was 52.2 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.13:1. The study shows no correlation between age (male and female) and the stage and grade of the tumor. Improvements in molecular biology, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy have changed how we manage thing

Intrapolyp Steroid Injection Versus Systemic Steroid Therapy for Nasal Polyposis Associated with Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Osama Awaad Ali — Wed, 03 Dec 2025 03:23:06 +0000

Intrapolyp Steroid injection (IPSI) involves injection of corticosteroids inside the sinonasal polyposis for treating conditions of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). IPSI varies from the systemic steroid (SCs) administration in providing steroids locally into the nasal polyps without resulting in side effects associated with the use of SCs. This study compares the effectiveness and the clinical outcomes of IPSI versus SCs administration in patients with CRSwNP. The study recruited 100 patients diagnosed with CRSwNP. Patients with CRSwNP were randomly assigned into two treatment groups. Group 1 received intrapolyp steroid injection (IPSI) of budesonide at a final concentration of 250 µg/ml/sinus for every fortnight and for a total of three times. Group 2 was treated with oral prednisolone 1 mg/kg/day for three days, then tapering the dose by 5 mg/day for 2 weeks. Patients were then followed up for three months to assess the impact of the treatment on polyp size, olfactory function, serum cortisol levels, and quality of life. Both IPSI and SCs treatment plans demonstrated efficacy in improving clinical outcomes in patients with CRSwNP. SCs resulted in a greater reduction in nasal polyp size (8.67 ± 2.6 vs. 10.15 ± 3.01, p < 0.001), greater improvement in olfactory function (27.32 ± 10.68 vs. 23.32 ± 10.05, p < 0.001), and a more significant reduction in SNOT-22 scores (36.32 ± 9.13 vs. 45.7 ± 12.66, p < 0.001) compared to IPSI. However, serum cortisol levels were found significantly higher in the SCs group (15.57 ± 5.35 vs. 13.22 ± 5.78, p = 0.001). Regression analysis revealed a significant impact of SCs on reducing polyp size (β = -0.26, p = 0.01) and improving the quality of life (β = -0.39, p < 0.001). SCs were more effective in treating signs and symptoms associated with CRSwNP compared to IPSI. However, systemic cortisol was significantly higher. Treatment selection should consider both efficacy and potential adverse effects.

Compatibility of Pear Variety Buds on Different Rootstocks

Aziz Pulatov — Thu, 04 Dec 2025 18:55:27 +0000

This research investigates two pear varieties, Olive de Serr and Zimnyaya Nashvati, grafted to several rootstocks and reports their potential interactions, which is a significant missing piece of information regarding which combinations would provide the highest reliability of bud take and seedling performance in local conditions. Using standard horticultural practices, field experiments were performed to evaluate the bud survival and seedling growth and the overall compatibility of four rootstocks (control) Khan Nashvati, Almurt, Yurt Nashvati and Quince A at the Karakalpak Scientific Experimental Station. Results demonstrate that compatibility is highly rootstock dependent. Among the rootstocks, Almurt outperformed the others with the highest bud take rate of 83.1%, which is 8.2% above the control. On the other hand, the weakest compatibility was demonstrated by Yurt Nashvati with bud take of only 61.9% in Zimnyaya Nashvati. Higher establishment rates and increased growth of seeds from Almurt were also confirmed by seedling measurements, further elucidating the Almurt advantage. These findings emphasize the potential benefits of using the most appropriate rootstocks in high density pear orchards. Almurt is a potential rootstock for regions with similar environmental conditions, providing more consistent graft success and better seedling growth. This destructively supported simplistically, high-quality pear orchard systems.

Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes for Microplastic Removal from Wastewater: Performance and Mechanism Analysis

Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Microplastic pollution in aquatic environments is one of the most pressing global issues that adversely affects the environment. Besides, conventional wastewater treatment facilities have very limited removal efficiency for particles smaller than 100 µm. Hence, the research reported herein describes the fabrication and the optimization process of the electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofiber membranes functionalized with titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles to improve microplastic removal from synthetic and real wastewater matrices. Electron microscopy and surface topology assessments of the membranes also suggested a homogeneous fiber diameter in the range of 150-300 nm with a very high porosity (>85%) of the membrane. Adsorption by removal experiments showed that under the optimizations of the conditions the maximum removal efficiency reached was 98.7% in case of polystyrene microspheres (10-50 µm) at: pH 6.5, contact time 120 min, and membrane dosage 0.5 g/L. The Langmuir isotherm model (R² = 0.993) was more appropriate than Freundlich and Temkin models, signifying monolayer adsorption with the maximum capacity being 156.8 mg/g. Experimental kinetic data fitted the pseudo-second-order model the best (R² = 0.997), which implies chemisorption as the main mechanism. The thermodynamic variables (ΔG° = -18.4 kJ/mol, ΔH° = +12.6 kJ/mol, ΔS° = +98.3 J/(mol·K)) reflect a spontaneous and endothermic adsorption process. Analyses of the used membranes by field emission electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that the microplastics adhered to the membranes via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions.Testing under continuous flow conditions at a municipal wastewater treatment plant showed that the membrane removal performance was stable beyond 94% for 30 consecutive days of continuous operation with intermittent backwashing. Moreover, the analysis of energy consumption pointed out that the operational costs are $0.38 per m³, which makes it competitive with the already existing tertiary treatment technologies. This membrane technology, therefore, provides a very promising and sustainable solution for microplastic pollution in wastewater treatment infrastructures.

Machine Learning-Enhanced Ultrasonic Phased Array Inspection of Aerospace Composite

Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study evaluates the effectiveness of advanced ultrasonic phased array imaging systems for non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites in aerospace structures. A hybrid method combining time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD) with convolutional neural network (CNN) image processing was developed and validated, demonstrating a 94.7% defect detection accuracy for delamination, porosity, and impact damage compared to 78.3% for traditional methods, with a 40% reduction in false positives. Using a 64-element phased array transducer at 5 MHz and a multi-modal data acquisition system, significant improvements in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and lateral resolution were achieved, indicating the method's potential for in-service inspection of complex aircraft components.

Comparison of Morphological and Morphometric Parameters of the Thyroid Gland in Zinc-Deficient White Rats

O.G Aslanov, R.R. Baymuradov — Fri, 05 Dec 2025 15:43:21 +0000

This study analyzes the morphological and morphometric alterations of the thyroid gland in zinc-deficient white rats compared with healthy controls. Zinc deficiency is known to impair thyroid hormone synthesis, transcriptional regulation, and antioxidant defense mechanisms through its essential role in the activity of thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and multiple zinc-dependent metalloenzymes. Experimental findings demonstrated significant changes in capillary parameters, follicular dimensions, epithelial height, stromal composition, and colloid structure under Zn deficiency. These results highlight the critical role of zinc in maintaining thyroid follicular integrity and endocrine homeostasis, confirming the close relationship between microelement balance and thyroid functional status.

Clinical Significance of Obstructive Changes in The Coronary Arteries and Clinical Manifestations of Heart Failure in Patients After Myocardial Infarction

Fri, 05 Dec 2025 16:09:11 +0000

In patients who have suffered a myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF) is caused by a decrease in the pumping function of the heart when a significant portion of the myocardium is activated from contraction. Impairment of the pumping function of the left ventricle of the heart without clinical signs of HF or with minimal, as well as with its pronounced manifestations, on Our opinion should be considered in the aspect of hemodynamic supply to the left ventricles (LV). The New York Heart Association has developed a classification of heart failure into class IV (Stages). At the same time, identifying circulatory decompensation taking into account clinical and angiographic signs is important for assessing the condition of patients and selecting drug therapy. And also when developing indications for surgical correction of this complication.

The Protective Effects of Administration of Antioxidant and Steroid on Renal Tissue Injury After Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rats

Ghaith Alabedi — Sun, 07 Dec 2025 04:07:49 +0000

Renal ischemia-reperfusion represents the major cause of acute kidney injury, causing oxidative stress and inflammation in renal tissue. Assessment the relative and combined protective effects of these agents on renal histopathological changes following ischemia-reperfusion injury in male rats. A total of 30 healthy adult male rats were purchased, acclimated, and divided randomly and equally to six groups as following: sham (neither treated nor surgically operated), ischemia-reperfusion (subjected to initiation of left renal ischemia by reperfusion for 1 hour), vitamin C treatment (administered 150mg/kg ascorbic acid intravenously immediately at beginning of reperfusion), vitamin E treatment (received 100mg/kg vitamin E intramuscularly 15 minutes before reperfusion), hydrocortisone treatment (received 50mg/kg hydrocortisone intravenously immediately at beginning of reperfusion), and combination therapy (underwent ischemia-reperfusion and received vitamins C and E as well as hydrocortisone). After scarification, renal tissues of study rats were collected, processed histopathologically, and examined under light microscopic. Histological examination of kidney sections showed that renal architecture of Sham group was normal and no degeneration and necrosis were observed with histopathological scores recorded at zero. In contrast, renal injury was seen in ischemia-reperfusion group; in which, severe vacuolar degeneration and necrosis proximal and distal tubules, swollen in tubular epithelial cells, cytoplasmic vacuolization, loss of brush border, sloughing of epithelial cells from basement membrane, tubular necrosis, atrophic glomeruli, and marked vascular congestion and hemorrhage in interstitium. For vitamin C group, there was a reduction in severity of tubular injury with mild degenerative changes in proximal tubular epithelium and renal structure. Concerning the vitamin E and hydrocortisone, renal sections were moderately improved and tubular degeneration was lessened. Regarding vitamin E group, mild to moderate degeneration; while, in hydrocortisone group, moderate vacuolar degeneration but less frequent necrosis was observed. Among all treated groups, combination treatment group showed the higher scores of tubular degenerations, tubular necrosis, tubule-interstitial inflammation, and total histological score suggesting the highest protective power. Administration of a combination of vitamins C and E with hydrocortisone were synergistically protect ischemia-reperfusion injured kidney and almost completely prevents destruction of tubular structure and inflammation in reperfused kidneys. However, furthermore studies are of great importance to support our work.

Histopathological Feature and Surgical Outcome of Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Lipoma in Female Cattle

Khalaf H. Ashur — Sun, 07 Dec 2025 04:21:27 +0000

Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) is not rare or clinically insignificant health status in cattle, and vulvar lipoma is a benign lesion. These entities need to be differentiated as the prognosis and management differ significantly. Describing clinical presentation, surgical management, and histopathological features of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma and lipoma in female dairy cattle in Wasit province (Iraq). Twenty five of Holstein cows and calves which having a vulvar and/or vaginal mass were subjected initially to clinical examination including rectal palpation, speculum inspection, surgical resection under local or epidural anesthesia, and histopathological analysis of collected tissue sections. The results indicated that such lesions were spread among cows ranging between 10 days (female calf) to 9 years and above; in this case, adult (72%) was significantly higher than young (28%) female cattle. Lesions were found in a wide age category including a 10-day-old calf girl. The clinical manifestations were mass, pain, ulcer, hemorrhage, malodor, and parasite infestation in some animals. Excision was complete in all, one 9-year-old cow had a mass of 0.5 kg. The VSCC cases were histologically characterized by invasive nests and cords containing atypical squamous epithelium with keratin pearl formation, stromal desmoplasia, and irregular necrosis and suppurative inflammation. Lipomas were made up of well-differentiated adipocytes which are organized into lobules. In most animals, postoperative recovery went off without further incident when wound care was provided and there were clear surgical margins that were correlate with positive short-term prognosis. VSCC and vulvar lipoma show a similar clinical presentation but different histopathology and prognosis. Total surgical resection with sufficient margins is a good initial treatment and histopathology optimizes diagnosis and prognostication. Timely surgery and early detection can enhance the outcome of the affected cattle.

Increasing The Efficiency of The Higher Education System

Isxakova Sarvar Ayubovna, Amriyeva Shaxzoda Shuxratovna — Mon, 08 Dec 2025 08:40:06 +0000

This article examines the current challenges and opportunities in enhancing the efficiency of the higher education system in Uzbekistan, emphasizing the modernization of educational content, competitiveness of personnel, and alignment with global standards. It discusses key reforms and strategic initiatives, such as the "Concept for the Development of the Higher Education System until 2030" and the "Strategy for the Development of Human Capital," which aim to improve the quality of education and human resource development. The article highlights the role of human capital, digital transformation, and scientific research in increasing the system's effectiveness. Through an in-depth analysis of statistical data from 2018 to 2024, the article evaluates the progress made in terms of the number of higher education institutions, student enrollment, and employment rates of graduates. It also explores the increasing integration of digital technologies, such as online learning platforms and electronic libraries, in the education system. Furthermore, the study identifies key challenges, including insufficient investment in scientific research, limited digital infrastructure in regional universities, and the need for stronger collaboration between universities and the labor market. The article concludes with recommendations for improving the higher education system, focusing on the development of human capital, the expansion of international cooperation, and the commercialization of scientific research to boost innovation and economic growth.

AI-Enabled Predictive Analytics for Cardiovascular Disease Detection and Risk Evaluation

Sun, 07 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Cardiovascular disorders are still one of the biggest causes of death around the world, thus getting a diagnosis quickly is not only crucial, but it can also save lives. However, conventional diagnostic techniques may be time-consuming, costly, and reliant on specialized medical knowledge. This makes it much harder to discover problems early, especially in areas where there aren't many healthcare experts. In response, our initiative is using machine learning to make predicting the risk of heart disease faster and more accurate. Our algorithm looks at patterns in patient health data, like age, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and other lifestyle factors, to assist doctors make decisions faster and based on evidence. This method not only speeds up the diagnosis process, but it also gives doctors a useful tool that they can use in their daily job to help people stay healthy. The idea is not to take the job of doctors, but to provide them a dependable, smart system that makes diagnoses more accurate and helps them prioritize patients who are at high risk so that they can get the care they need right away. In this project, we look at and evaluate several machine learning methods to find the best model. We also talk about how it could be used in the real world and how it could be improved in the future, such as by adding real-time data integration and expanding to additional chronic diseases.

The Diagnostic Accuracy of 3D Imaging in Identifying Impacted Third Molars and Their Proximity to the Inferior Alveolar Nerve: A Retrospective Study of Radiographic Features

Zainab A.H. Al-Tamemi, Huda Ashur Shati Qutbi — Fri, 12 Dec 2025 05:41:30 +0000

Damage to the inferior alveolar nerve during the extraction of the third molar of the mandibular teeth can lead to an irreversible loss of sensation in up to 7.8%. The two-dimensional nature of panoramic radiography undermines the ability to assess the relationship between nerves and the tooth, whereas the use of CBCT as the routine modality is controversial and is affected by cost demands. To compare the accuracy of CBCT with that of panoramic radiography in the detection of the proximity between mandibular third molars and the inferior alveolar nerve by utilizing findings of surgical intervention as the standard of reference. Retrospective analysis of 320 patients undergoing impacted mandibular third molar extraction. Both imaging modalities were evaluated using standardized criteria with intraoperative findings as gold standard. Diagnostic performance, predictive modeling, and cost-effectiveness were analyzed. CBCT has demonstrated a better diagnostic performance (AUC 0.922) than in the case of panoramic radiography (AUC 0.679). Sensitivity and specificity of direct contact visualization were 88.1 and 91.7% respectively. Panoramic signs showed great false-positive result-mere 45.9% surgical verification of root darkening. The most significant predictor of nerve exposure was an in-direct contact with CBCT (OR: 67.3). There was permanent neurological deficit of 1.9 as opposed to 3.2-7.8 in other studies. The optimal value received on CBCT use was selective where it prevented 58% of complications with a requirement of imaging in 44.7% of the cases. The diagnostic accuracy of nerve-tooth proximity is far superior using CBCT. The new selective CBCT protocols in form of panoramic risk indicators can markedly enhance patient outcomes without compromising affordability, making it possible to support the implementation of the method in the following high-risk cases based on evidence.

Morphometric Characteristics of Normal Rat Kidneys at 3 Months of Age

R.R. Baymuradov — Fri, 12 Dec 2025 07:57:34 +0000

This study presents a detailed morphological and morphometric evaluation of the kidneys in 3-month-old white rats. The analysis included measurements of afferent and efferent arteriolar diameters, glomerular and renal corpuscle dimensions, as well as morphometric parameters of proximal and distal tubules and the thickness of cortical and medullary layers. Histological examination revealed a fully completed nephrogenesis, structurally mature glomerular filtration apparatus, high nephron density, and pronounced reabsorptive activity of the tubular system. These findings confirm the morphological maturity and high functional capacity of the kidneys at this age.

The Contemporary Role of Latin in Medical Terminology: Educational, Clinical, and Global Perspectives

Munira Rasulovna Hamrakulova — Sun, 14 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Latin has traditionally formed the basis of medical language, providing a numerical structure that ensures accuracy, clarity and consistency of a worldwide healthcare system. Though the use of vernacular languages in clinical settings is on the increase, Latin-based words are essential to the cause of accurate professional communication, reduced confusion in diagnosis, treatment, and pharmacologic prescriptions. This paper reviews the modern relevance of Latin in anatomy, clinical medicine, and pharmaceutical practice, highlighting its pedagogical, practical and international significance. Through qualitative and analytical approaches, the research study analysed commonly used Latin words in textbooks, clinical records, and prescription records. Special attention was given to explaining how having Latin contributed to professional competence, cognitive growth, and the ability to read complex terms. The study also evaluated the relevance of Latin in promoting collaboration and sharing of knowledge among international settings, and this was a testament to the importance of Latin in unifying communication among diverse and differentiated linguistic and cultural environments. The findings indicate that Latin continues to add to the quality of education and the accuracy of clinical practice. Students who actively study lexicons that are based on Latin are found to have better analytical skills, better retention of medical information and confidence in their ability to translate unfamiliar terms. The advantages of standardised and accurate language, on which safe and efficient patient care is founded, are enjoyed by the practitioners. Moreover, Latin acts as a mediator between the medical knowledge of the past and modern healthcare, maintaining its practical usefulness, but not being limited to theory.

The Role of the Latin Language in the Formation and Standardisation of Modern Medical Terminology

Raisa Alexandrovna Berezovskaya — Sun, 14 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The Latin language is significant in the creation and evolution of contemporary medical terms. This article tries to examine the significance of Latin as a universal language basis in medical science and how it is applied in modern medical education. The paper is organised according to the IMRAD framework and aims to discuss the origin, morphological peculiarities, and purpose of Latin medical terms. The introduction provides information as to why Latin terminology is relevant to achieve precision and international consistency in medical communication. It is described in the methods section, and the analysis of commonly used anatomical, clinical, and pharmaceutical words based on Latin. Term formation and term usage patterns were analysed using comparative linguistic analysis and methods of description. The findings indicate that medical terminologies based on Latin are clear, standardised, as well as continuous across languages and medical systems. The discussion shows that a considerable percentage of medical words in anatomy, pathology, and pharmacology are not only kept in their Latin form but also have a Latin grammar structure. Such uniformity minimises uncertainty and increases workplace communication between healthcare professionals on an international scale. The debate makes a case on the importance of studying Latin in medical schools. The ability to learn Latin roots, prefixes, and suffixes enhances the knowledge of complex medical terms in students and leads to more effective learning. Moreover, the terminologies have been used in Latin to aid in proper diagnosis, documentation, and scientific studies.

Latin Language and Medical Terminology

Makhkamov Mirkamol Husanovich — Sun, 14 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The Latin language has been a determining factor in creating and shaping medical vocabulary and has been the language base of the centuries of medical science. Even though the Latin language is not presently spoken, it is still actively incorporated into the contemporary practice of medicine via the anatomical nomenclature, clinical terminology, pharmaceutical names, and diagnostic phrases. The following article discusses the importance of Latin in the organisation and operation of modern medical terms, and how this is relevant in maintaining accuracy, uniformity and cross-cultural relevance. The paper is dedicated to the linguistic peculiarities of medical terms based on Latin, such as their morphological stability and semantic accuracy, which enables medical workers who have a different language background to communicate successfully. A particular emphasis is placed on the educational value of Latin in training medical caregivers, in which the knowledge of elementary grammatical structures and word-formation principles is useful in the better-informed perception of the medical complex and the medical terms by the students. Moreover, the article explores the existing issues regarding the declining role of the Latin language in medical programs. The results indicate that the lack of knowledge of the Latin terms could cause misunderstandings, misinterpretation of the medical terms, and diminished professional competence. The article proposes the preservation of the study of Latin terminologies in medical education by emphasising its continuity and its relevance today. The findings highlight that Latin is not just a historic component but a useful and indispensable resource in the current medical field that promotes professionalism and international medical viewpoints.

Clinical and Immunological Aspects of Sepsis in Children with Primary Immunodeficiencies (PID): A Retrospective Analysis in The Setting of The Tashkent City Children’s Clinic

Rakhmatillaeva Mamura Shokir qizi — Sun, 14 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Sepsis continues to be one of the major morbidities and mortalities among paediatric patients, especially in children with a primary immunodeficiency (PID). These patients are characterised by high susceptibility to severe infections, atypical clinical manifestations, and high probability of rapid progression of disease due to congenital defects of the immune system. The current research intends to examine clinical and immunological characteristics of sepsis in children with PID in terms of retrospective data analysis of cases treated in the Tashkent City Children's Clinic. A retrospective study was performed through the medical records of children diagnosed with PID and sepsis within a fixed study period. Clinical data and laboratories, immunological parameters, causative pathogens, treatment methods and outcomes were assessed. The features of immune dysfunction, such as the defects in humoral and cellular immunity, and their correlation with the progression and severity of sepsis, were singled out. The review showed that children with PID tend to exhibit severe and frequent septic events, late diagnosis, and length of stay. The prevalent ones were the persistent leukopenia or lymphopenia, low levels of immunoglobulins, and the lack of an inflammatory response. Opponent pathogens and Gram-negative bacteria were often verified as causative agents. Despite the intensive antimicrobial and supportive treatment, the threat of complications and the adverse outcomes were still very great in comparison with immunocompetent children. These results demonstrate the need to undertake early identification of PID in the septic child, timely immunological evaluation, and adopt a personalised treatment plan. Awareness of diagnosis and optimal multidisciplinary care can help improve the prognosis and decrease mortality in the susceptible population of such patients.

Gut Microbiome in Children of the Aral Sea Region: Characteristics and Changes in Diseases of the Small Intestine

Amanova Nargiza Abdurazzakovna — Sun, 14 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Gut microbiome is important in the preservation of intestinal health, immune surveillance and metabolic homeostasis and especially in children. The composition and functional properties of the intestinal microbiota are greatly affected by environmental, nutritional, and socio-economic factors. The Aral Sea region is presented as a unique group of children who are exposed to unfavourable environmental factors such as environmental pollution, poor water quality, and nutritional deficiencies that can adversely influence the gut microbial balance. This is especially relevant to the maturation and evolution of small intestinal diseases. This paper will assess the nature of the intestinal microbiome in the children of the Aral Sea basin and perform an analysis of the changes in the microbiome that may occur with disorders of the small intestine. The analysis will be conducted on the variations in microbial diversity, prevailing bacteria groups, and bacterial dysbiosis in both healthy and small intestinal pathologies diagnostics children. It takes a special consideration of the depletion of the beneficial commensal bacteria and proliferation of opportunistic microorganisms, and these may lead to impaired digestion, malabsorption, chronic inflammation, and immune dysfunction. The results suggest that children with small intestinal diseases show severe alterations of the composition of the gut microbiome, with a reduction of microbial diversity and a lack of balance between protective and pathogenic bacterial groups. Such alterations are more evident in children who are subjected to long-term environmental stress factors typical of the region of the Aral Sea. Changes in the gut microbiome could be crucial in the severity of the disease, prolonged clinical symptoms, and decreased sensitivity of the disease to regular therapeutic interventions. The knowledge of region-specific microbiome patterns in children can be useful in terms of understanding disease pathophysiology and emphasising the need to implement microbiome-centred diagnostic and treatment strategies. Specific interventions based on the restoration of microbial balance can have a beneficial effect on the clinical outcomes and contribute to the well-being of the intestines in children with residence in geographically disadvantaged areas.

The Impact of Early-Life Antibiotic Therapy on the Microbiota and the Risk of Developing Bronchial Asthma

Ilkhamova Khilola Abduraufovna — Sun, 14 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The use of antibiotics in infancy is now a common practice in paediatric care, and is mainly used to treat bacterial infections as well as prevent severe sequelae. However, modern research shows that early exposure to antibiotics can produce unexpected long-term outcomes, in particular in relation to the development of the microbiota and immune system. The gut and respiratory tract microbiota are essential in the first few months of life in shaping the developing immune functions, tolerance and immunoprotective effects against pathogenic attacks. The antibiotic regimens, especially repeated courses, broad-spectrum agents can disrupt these delicate microbial communities to reduce diversity and lose commensal taxa, including, but not limited to, the genera of, for example, the Bifidobacterium and the Lactobacillus. The resulting dysbiosis can impair immunologic maturation, alter the production of essential metabolites, and alter the immune balance towards atopic phenotypes, which promotes the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Epidemiological studies have repeatedly shown that infants exposed to antibiotics, particularly during the first year of life, have a significantly higher probability of developing asthma, as children with cumulative courses worsen the situation. It is worth noting that this association is statistically significant even after correction for possible confounders, including recurrent infections and family atopy. The explanation of the interdependence of the early exposure to antibiotics on microbial ontogeny and immune modulation is of paramount importance to the caregivers as well as clinicians. Education of rational antibiotic use, support of the restoration of endogenous intestinal microbiota through breastfeeding or probiotic administration, and the enhancement of awareness of the possible long-term impact are all capable of reducing the rate of asthma development and promoting the development of more resilient immunity in children. The review summarises the available evidence, clarifies mechanistic foundations, and outlines approaches that can be used to prevent the unintentional effects of exposure to antibiotics at a young age.

The Effect of Physical Activity on Physiological , Hematological, and Endocrine Functions in Search and Rescue Dogs

Khitam Hassan Saleh — Fri, 12 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of this research is to study and evaluate the normal post-exercise state of a dog, including its heart rate, respiration rate, blood components, and electrolyte levels. The study aims to determine when these increases or decreases are normal and when they indicate disease. A sample of dogs of different breeds and both sexes were used. They were trained for 20 minutes, and all these parameters were studied before and after training. The results were analyzed, concluding that it is normal for a dog's heart rate and respiration rate to increase during exercise, as well as for red and white blood cell counts to rise and electrolyte levels to decrease under conditions of fatigue and exhaustion. However, for these levels to be considered normal and for the dog to be healthy, they must return to normal after rest.

Early Prediction of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome in Infants Using Procalcitonin and D-Dimer

Ergasheva Madina Narimanovna — Sun, 14 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) in infants is a life-threatening disease because of the immaturity of immune, cardiovascular and metabolic control systems during the first year of life. Systematic inflammatory response is especially difficult to detect at an early age, since the classical clinical manifestations, including fever, leukocytosis or hemodynamic instability, may be absent or poorly manifested in young children. Late diagnosis means that the patients have an increased risk of transition to serious complications, such as sepsis, dysfunction of multiple organs, and cardiovascular failure. The paper is devoted to the creation of a predictive model of the early diagnosis of SIRS in infants with the assistance of a complex of clinical risk factors and lab biomarkers. Emphasis is placed on the presence of inflammatory and coagulation markers like C- C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and D-dimer that indicate the severity of general inflammation and endothelial impairment. Perinatal history, maternal health, and neonatal analysis of the characteristics enable the identification of infants at risk of developing systemic inflammatory reactions. The suggested model of prognostics offers a sensible and objective instrument of risk stratification in infants with infectious diseases, especially pneumonia, at an early stage. Early identification of high-risk patients helps to start specialised therapeutic interventions promptly, such as close monitoring, antimicrobial treatment, and supportive care. The adoption of the mentioned predictive approach into clinical practice can help minimise infant mortality, avoid severe complications, and optimise the treatment approaches in paediatric intensive care units.