Characteristics of the Neonatal Period in Children Born Small for Gestational Age (Intrauterine Growth Restriction — IUGR

N. D. Ishniyazova; K. Sh. Salikhova; B. U. Agzamkhodzhayeva; F. R. Abdurakhmanova; Z. Ortikmatova

Authors

N. D. Ishniyazova The Department of Hospital Pediatrics and Folk Medicine of the Tashkent State Medical University
K. Sh. Salikhova The Department of Hospital Pediatrics and Folk Medicine of the Tashkent State Medical University
B. U. Agzamkhodzhayeva The Department of Hospital Pediatrics and Folk Medicine of the Tashkent State Medical University
F. R. Abdurakhmanova The Department of Hospital Pediatrics and Folk Medicine of the Tashkent State Medical University
Z. Ortikmatova The Department of Hospital Pediatrics and Folk Medicine of the Tashkent State Medical University

Keywords:

Intrauterine growth restriction, small for gestational age, neonatal adaptation, respiratory distress syndrome,, hypoglycemia, placental insufficiency, neonatal intensive care

Abstract

Intrauterine growth restriction remains one of the most significant problems in modern neonatology because impaired fetal growth is closely associated with increased neonatal morbidity and disturbances of early postnatal adaptation. The present study was devoted to evaluating the characteristics of the neonatal period in children born small for gestational age with signs of intrauterine growth restriction. Clinical analysis included assessment of anthropometric indicators, respiratory adaptation, metabolic stability, neurological condition, and the frequency of intensive care requirements during the early neonatal period. The obtained findings demonstrated that the majority of examined newborns experienced low birth weight, respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, thermoregulation disorders, and feeding difficulties immediately after birth. Premature infants showed the most severe manifestations of maladaptation and more frequently required specialized neonatal support. The results emphasize the important role of chronic placental insufficiency and fetal hypoxia in the development of neonatal complications and highlight the necessity for early diagnosis, careful prenatal monitoring, and multidisciplinary neonatal management.

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