Gender and Geographical Spreading of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Infection in Southern Iraq

Abstract

Leishmaniosis is an endemic disease that occurs in over 88 countries and endangers an estimated 350 million people worldwide. One case per year, and more than 90% of issues are detected in Algeria, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Peru and Brazil. The perspectives that this study analyzes are the geographic distribution of infection rates of leishmaniosis and the gender differences and determinants of prevalence for building an epidemiological profile of leishmaniosis. Microscopic parasite detection, direct aspiration swabs are usually collected 1139 infected men and women in age group (10-55) years as of the provinces of Dhi Qar, Maysan, Muthanna, Najaf and Basra as of patients infected with leishmaniasis, often accompanied by staining; Amastigotes are typically round in form and 2–4 μm in diameter. Stain techniques help improve cell clarity, with Giemsa and Leishman stains most commonly used for this purpose. Out of 1,139 samples, 720 patients (61.63%) were infected. Infections were highest in Dhi Qar (335 women, 367 men), followed by Maysan (190), Najaf (110), Muthanna (100), and Basra (37). Males were more affected than females across all governorates. The present study, which examines high infection rates in regions such as Thi-Qar that are influenced by environmental conditions, highlights the need for targeted health interventions and improved environmental management to effectively control the disease.