Prevalence and Etiology of Chronic Renal Failure in Al-Diwaniyah Hemodialysis Unit

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by damage to the kidneys or a decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (egfr) to below 60 ml/min per 1.73 square meters, lasting for at least 3 months. This condition leads to a gradual decline in kidney function, which may eventually require treatment options like dialysis or transplantation. And rising incidence and Prevalence in the world. To determine the primary reasons for kidney failure among patients in the hemodialysis unit of AL Diwaniyah and how to minimize these reasons and the Environmental changes associated with kidney failure, in an attempt to mitigate the negative effects of these variables on patients. A descriptive study with a quantitative approach was carried out involving both males and females in the AL Diwaniyah hemodialysis unit for patients with chronic renal failure Our study included 50 patients who attended to al Diwaniyah hemodialysis unit in  al Diwaniyah Teaching hospital  and from history and investigations. The study found that chronic renal failure was more common in male (60%) than female (40%)  and the most common cause is High blood pressure accounts for 36% of cases, with diabetes following at 26%. Other causes include chronic pyelonephritis at 8%, urinary tract stones at 6%, polycystic kidney disease at 4%, and chronic glomerulonephritis and cortical necrosis, both at 2%. Additionally, 16% of cases are idiopathic, potentially linked to medications, toxins, and congenital issues. Many leading causes of chronic kidney disease are treatable, and starting the right treatment early can help stop CKD from developing further or advancing to end-stage renal failure.