Utilizing Sodium Montmorillonite (Sodium Bentonite) for Desertification Control

Estabraq Ali Hameed

doi:10.17605/cajmns.v6i4.2888

Estabraq Ali Hameed University of Hamdaniya

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/cajmns.v6i4.2888

Keywords: Bentonite, Sustainable Development Goals, natural clay, pollution, water absorbency

Abstract

In line with the Sustainable Development Goals, which call for the use of environmentally friendly materials to reduce pollution and achieve a balance between environmental, economic, and social dimensions, bentonite has been adopted as an effective solution to address the problem of desertification. Bentonite is a natural material known for its high water retention capacity and its ability to improve soil properties, contributing to enhanced agricultural productivity and the sustainability of natural resources, while also mitigating land degradation. This approach is part of ongoing efforts to protect the environment, ensure food security, and improve the quality of life in areas affected by desertification. This research studies the effect of adding bentonite (natural clay) rich in montmorillonite in improving the physical and water properties of the soil as an effective means to combat desertification and contribute to achieving sustainable development goals. Soil samples from Hamdaniya University were used, mixed with different percentages of bentonite (0-50%), and the following properties were evaluated: moisture, organic matter, water retention capacity, pH, electrical conductivity, and bulk density and calculate water absorbency Q_H2O . The results showed that the addition of bentonite led to: a significant increase in soil moisture and its ability to retain water, an improvement in the organic content and biological activity of the soil, a decrease in pH and electrical conductivity indicating a more favorable environment for plant growth, a decrease in the bulk density of the soil which enhances its aeration and reduces hardening . The water absorbency Q_H2O increase .The results indicated that the best effect was recorded at 50% bentonite, making this material a sustainable environmental option to improve soil in arid and semi-arid areas, supporting Agricultural production.

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