Emotional Contagion Among Professors in University of Baghdad
Keywords:
Baghdad
Abstract
Emotional contagion is considered one of the essential variables that gained the attention of scientists in social psychology because of its effective role in the communication process, empathy, and social influence, so attention has increased since the scientists Hatfield put his theory of emotional contagion he defined as" automatic mimicry and synchronized in expressions signs and physical movements between a person and others.
References
1. Adamatzky, A. (2005), Patterns of irrationality in emotions, beliefs, and actions. London
2. Adelmann, P. K., (1989). Facial deference - experience of emotion , 40, 249–280.
3. A. Smith. )1976(. The Theory of Moral Sentiments (Clarendon Press, England(
4. Bartel, C.A. and Saavedra, R.(2000) The Collective Construction Work Group Moods. Administrative Science Quarterly, 45, p.197-231.
5. Bernieri, F. J., Davis, J. M., (1991). Interactional synchrony and the social affordance of rapport: A validation study.
6. Bernieri, F. J., Reznick, J. S., (1988). Coordinated movement and rapport in teacher student interactions. J. Nonverbal Behavior, 12(2), 120–138.
7. Brothers, L. (1989). A biological perspective on empathy. Psychiatry, 146, 10–19.
8. Buck, R. 1980. Nonverbal behavior and the theory of emotion J.Personality and Social Psychology, 38(5), 811-824.
9. Cappella, J. N., & Planalp, S. (1981). silence sequences in informal conversations : Inter speaker influence. Human Communication Research, 7, 117–132.
10. Chapple, E. D. (1982). Movement and sound: The musical language of body rhythms in interaction. In M. Davis (Ed.), Interaction rhythms.
11. Church, W. F. (Eds.), (1964). The influence of the enlightenment on the revolution: Creative, disastrous or non-existent? Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath.
12. CONDON, W. S.; OGSTON, W. D (1966(. SOUND FILM ANALYSIS OF NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR PATTERNS, J. Mental Disease. 143(4):338-347.
13. Coviello L, Sohn Y, Kramer ADI. (2014) Detecting Emotional Contagion in Social Networks.Cronbach, L. J. (1960). psychological testing (2nd ed.). New York
14. Czarna, A. Z., Wróbel, M., Dufner, M., & Zeigler-Hill, V. (2014). Narcissism and Emotional Contagion in: press Periodicity in communicative behavior (pp. 31–52
15. Darwin, C. (1872). The expression of the emotions in man. London Murray, 366
16. Darwin, C. (2005). The expression of the emotions in man and animals. MT: Kiesinger
17. Davis, M. R. (1985). Perceptual reverberation components. In Goldstein & G. Y. Empathy: Development, training, and consequences (pp. 62–108). Hillsdale: Erlbaum
18. Dimberg, U. (1982). Facial reactions to expressions. Psychology, 19, 643–647.
19. Doherty, R. W., Orimoto, L., & Hatfield, E. (1995). Emotional contagion: Gender and occupational differences., 18, 355-371
20. Duclos, S. E., Laird, J. D., & Van Lighten, (1989). Emotion-specific effects of facial expressions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 100–108
21. E. Hatfield, J.T. Cacioppo, & R.L., )1992). Primitive emotional contagion, Psychology, 14, 151-177. M. S. Clark, Ed. (Sage, Newbury Park(
22. Ehrenreich, B. (2006). History of collective joy. New York
23. Ekman, P., Friesen, W., & P. C. (1982). similarities and differences in facial behaviors across cultures In P. Ekman (Ed.), Emotion in the human (pp. 128-143).
24. Ekman, P., Levenson, R. & Friesen, W. (1983). Autonomic nervous system activity, 221, 1208–1210. 26. Ekman, P. (1992). An argument for basic emotions., 6,169-200.
25. Evan Polman, .(2012 )Effects of Anger, Guilt, and Envy on Moral Hypocrisy, Social Psychology. 38 no. 1 129-139
26. Fischer, K. W., Shaver, P. R., & Carnochan, P. (1990). How emotions develop? Cognition and Emotion, 4, 81-127.
27. Goldman, A. I., & Sripada, C. S. (2005). Simulations models of emotion recognition. Cognition, 94(3), 193-213
28. Gustave Le Bon. ( 1995), Psychologie des foules éd. Paris: Universities de Franc
29. Hamilton, David R. (2011) Emotional Contagion: Are Your Feelings 'Infecting' Others? The Huffington Post.com, Inc
30. Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J., & Rapson, R. (1992). Primitive emotional contagion. In M. S. Clark(Ed.), Review of personality and social psychology. Newbury Park
31. Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J.T., & Rapson, R.L. (1993). Emotional contagion. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2, 96-99.
32. Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J., & Rapson, R. L. (1994). Emotional contagion. New York
33. Hatfield, E., Hsee, C, C. (1995). The impact of vocal feedback on emotional experience and expression. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 10, 293-312.
34. Hatfield, E., & Rapson, R. L. (2004). Emotional contagion: Religious and ethnic hatreds and global terrorism. In L. Z. Tiedens & C. W. Leach (Eds.), The social life of emotions (pp. 129–143). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
35. Helen H. Lee. 2012. An Investigation of the Effect of Self -mentoring Ontario, Canada
36. Hurley, S. & Chater, N. (2005a). Perspectives on Imitation: From Neuroscience to Social Science: Mechanisms of imitation in animals Cambridge: MIT Press.
37. Iacoboni, M. (2005). Understanding others: Imitation, language, and empathy. In Susan Hurley & Nick Chater. Perspectives on Imitation Science. pp. 77-101.
38. Izard, C. E. (1971). The face of emotion. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts
39. J.D. Laird and C. Bresler) . l992), The process of emotional feeling: A self-perception theory, in Emotion: Review of Personality and Social Psychology, 13, 213-234.
40. Judith Volmer. 2012. Catching Leaders' Mood: Contagion Effects in Teams .no. 2, pp 203-220
41. K.W. Fischer, P.R. Shaver, and P. (1992). How emotions develop? Cognition and Emotion, 4, 8l-l27 (1990); N.L. Stein and K. Oatley. Special issue: Basic emotions, Cognition and Emotion, 6, 161-319 (1992).
42. Laird, J.D., Alibozak, T., Davainis, D., B., & Pacheco, (1994). Individual differences in the effects of spontaneous mimicry on emotional contagion. Motivation and Emotion, 18, 231-247.
43. Lipps, T., (1907). Das Wissen von fremden Ichen. In: Lipps, T. Psychologies chi Untersuchungen Band 1, (pp. 694-722). Engelmann, Leipzig
44. Magen, Eran;, Paul A.)2011(. Women Support Providers Are More Susceptible than Men to Emotional Contagion Following Brief Supportive Interactions. Psychology of Women. v35 n4 p611-616
45. Matsumoto, D. (1987). The role of facial response in the experience of emotion: More methodological problems and a meta-analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 769–774
46. McCague, J. (1968). The second rebellion: The story of the New York City draft riots of 1863. New York: Dial Press
47. Miller, R. E., Banks, J. H.,. (1963). facial expression in “cooperative –avoidance conditioning” in monkeys. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 24–30.
48. Rene Coenen and Joost Broekens,)2012 (. Delft University of Technology models emotional contagion based on experimental evidence for moderating factors.
49. Rizzolatti, G. (2005). The mirror neuron system and imitation. In Susan Hurley & Nick Chater. Perspectives on Imitation: From Neuroscience to Social Science Volume 1: Mechanisms of imitation in animals. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 55-76.
50. Robbins, Stephen P. & Judge, Timothy A. (2011) Organizational Behavior, 14 th Edition, Pearson Education, Inc.
51. Rude, G. F. E. (2005).: A study of popular disturbances in France and England, 1730-1848. London, England: Seri
52. R. William Doherty .( 1997).The Emotional Contagion Scale: A Measure of Individual Differences . Journal of Nonverbal Behavior .Vol 21, Issue 2, pp 131-154
53. Schoenewolf, G. (1990). Emotional contagion. Behavioural induction in individuals and groups. Modern Psychoanalysis, 15: 49-61.
54. Schoenewolf, G., (1990). Emotional contagion: Behavioral induction in individuals and groups.' 'Modern Psychoanalysis; 15, 49-61
55. S. G Barsade, (2002) “The ripple effect: Emotional contagion in groups,” Administrative Science Quarterly 47, n°. 4،664–675.
56. Tseng, W-S., & Hsu, J. (1980). Minor psychological disturbances of everyday life. In H. C. Triandis & J. D. Draguns (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology: Vol. 6. pp. 61–97. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
57. Tomkins, S. S. (1962). Affect, imagery, consciousness: Vol. I. The positive affects. Oxford,England: Springer
58. Vaughan, K. B., & Lanzetta, J. T. (1980). Vicarious instigation and conditioning of facial expressive Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 909–923.
59. Wild, B., Erb, M., & Bartels, M. (2001). Are emotions contagious? gender differences Psychiatry Research, 102, 109-124.
60. Wild, B., Erb, M., Eyb, M.(2003). Why are smiles contagious? An fMRI study of the interaction between perception .Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 123, 17-36.
61. Zajonc, R. B., Murphy, S. T., & Inglehart, M. (1989). Feeling and facial Deference: Psychological review, 96, 395–416.
2. Adelmann, P. K., (1989). Facial deference - experience of emotion , 40, 249–280.
3. A. Smith. )1976(. The Theory of Moral Sentiments (Clarendon Press, England(
4. Bartel, C.A. and Saavedra, R.(2000) The Collective Construction Work Group Moods. Administrative Science Quarterly, 45, p.197-231.
5. Bernieri, F. J., Davis, J. M., (1991). Interactional synchrony and the social affordance of rapport: A validation study.
6. Bernieri, F. J., Reznick, J. S., (1988). Coordinated movement and rapport in teacher student interactions. J. Nonverbal Behavior, 12(2), 120–138.
7. Brothers, L. (1989). A biological perspective on empathy. Psychiatry, 146, 10–19.
8. Buck, R. 1980. Nonverbal behavior and the theory of emotion J.Personality and Social Psychology, 38(5), 811-824.
9. Cappella, J. N., & Planalp, S. (1981). silence sequences in informal conversations : Inter speaker influence. Human Communication Research, 7, 117–132.
10. Chapple, E. D. (1982). Movement and sound: The musical language of body rhythms in interaction. In M. Davis (Ed.), Interaction rhythms.
11. Church, W. F. (Eds.), (1964). The influence of the enlightenment on the revolution: Creative, disastrous or non-existent? Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath.
12. CONDON, W. S.; OGSTON, W. D (1966(. SOUND FILM ANALYSIS OF NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR PATTERNS, J. Mental Disease. 143(4):338-347.
13. Coviello L, Sohn Y, Kramer ADI. (2014) Detecting Emotional Contagion in Social Networks.Cronbach, L. J. (1960). psychological testing (2nd ed.). New York
14. Czarna, A. Z., Wróbel, M., Dufner, M., & Zeigler-Hill, V. (2014). Narcissism and Emotional Contagion in: press Periodicity in communicative behavior (pp. 31–52
15. Darwin, C. (1872). The expression of the emotions in man. London Murray, 366
16. Darwin, C. (2005). The expression of the emotions in man and animals. MT: Kiesinger
17. Davis, M. R. (1985). Perceptual reverberation components. In Goldstein & G. Y. Empathy: Development, training, and consequences (pp. 62–108). Hillsdale: Erlbaum
18. Dimberg, U. (1982). Facial reactions to expressions. Psychology, 19, 643–647.
19. Doherty, R. W., Orimoto, L., & Hatfield, E. (1995). Emotional contagion: Gender and occupational differences., 18, 355-371
20. Duclos, S. E., Laird, J. D., & Van Lighten, (1989). Emotion-specific effects of facial expressions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 100–108
21. E. Hatfield, J.T. Cacioppo, & R.L., )1992). Primitive emotional contagion, Psychology, 14, 151-177. M. S. Clark, Ed. (Sage, Newbury Park(
22. Ehrenreich, B. (2006). History of collective joy. New York
23. Ekman, P., Friesen, W., & P. C. (1982). similarities and differences in facial behaviors across cultures In P. Ekman (Ed.), Emotion in the human (pp. 128-143).
24. Ekman, P., Levenson, R. & Friesen, W. (1983). Autonomic nervous system activity, 221, 1208–1210. 26. Ekman, P. (1992). An argument for basic emotions., 6,169-200.
25. Evan Polman, .(2012 )Effects of Anger, Guilt, and Envy on Moral Hypocrisy, Social Psychology. 38 no. 1 129-139
26. Fischer, K. W., Shaver, P. R., & Carnochan, P. (1990). How emotions develop? Cognition and Emotion, 4, 81-127.
27. Goldman, A. I., & Sripada, C. S. (2005). Simulations models of emotion recognition. Cognition, 94(3), 193-213
28. Gustave Le Bon. ( 1995), Psychologie des foules éd. Paris: Universities de Franc
29. Hamilton, David R. (2011) Emotional Contagion: Are Your Feelings 'Infecting' Others? The Huffington Post.com, Inc
30. Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J., & Rapson, R. (1992). Primitive emotional contagion. In M. S. Clark(Ed.), Review of personality and social psychology. Newbury Park
31. Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J.T., & Rapson, R.L. (1993). Emotional contagion. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2, 96-99.
32. Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J., & Rapson, R. L. (1994). Emotional contagion. New York
33. Hatfield, E., Hsee, C, C. (1995). The impact of vocal feedback on emotional experience and expression. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 10, 293-312.
34. Hatfield, E., & Rapson, R. L. (2004). Emotional contagion: Religious and ethnic hatreds and global terrorism. In L. Z. Tiedens & C. W. Leach (Eds.), The social life of emotions (pp. 129–143). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
35. Helen H. Lee. 2012. An Investigation of the Effect of Self -mentoring Ontario, Canada
36. Hurley, S. & Chater, N. (2005a). Perspectives on Imitation: From Neuroscience to Social Science: Mechanisms of imitation in animals Cambridge: MIT Press.
37. Iacoboni, M. (2005). Understanding others: Imitation, language, and empathy. In Susan Hurley & Nick Chater. Perspectives on Imitation Science. pp. 77-101.
38. Izard, C. E. (1971). The face of emotion. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts
39. J.D. Laird and C. Bresler) . l992), The process of emotional feeling: A self-perception theory, in Emotion: Review of Personality and Social Psychology, 13, 213-234.
40. Judith Volmer. 2012. Catching Leaders' Mood: Contagion Effects in Teams .no. 2, pp 203-220
41. K.W. Fischer, P.R. Shaver, and P. (1992). How emotions develop? Cognition and Emotion, 4, 8l-l27 (1990); N.L. Stein and K. Oatley. Special issue: Basic emotions, Cognition and Emotion, 6, 161-319 (1992).
42. Laird, J.D., Alibozak, T., Davainis, D., B., & Pacheco, (1994). Individual differences in the effects of spontaneous mimicry on emotional contagion. Motivation and Emotion, 18, 231-247.
43. Lipps, T., (1907). Das Wissen von fremden Ichen. In: Lipps, T. Psychologies chi Untersuchungen Band 1, (pp. 694-722). Engelmann, Leipzig
44. Magen, Eran;, Paul A.)2011(. Women Support Providers Are More Susceptible than Men to Emotional Contagion Following Brief Supportive Interactions. Psychology of Women. v35 n4 p611-616
45. Matsumoto, D. (1987). The role of facial response in the experience of emotion: More methodological problems and a meta-analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 769–774
46. McCague, J. (1968). The second rebellion: The story of the New York City draft riots of 1863. New York: Dial Press
47. Miller, R. E., Banks, J. H.,. (1963). facial expression in “cooperative –avoidance conditioning” in monkeys. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 24–30.
48. Rene Coenen and Joost Broekens,)2012 (. Delft University of Technology models emotional contagion based on experimental evidence for moderating factors.
49. Rizzolatti, G. (2005). The mirror neuron system and imitation. In Susan Hurley & Nick Chater. Perspectives on Imitation: From Neuroscience to Social Science Volume 1: Mechanisms of imitation in animals. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 55-76.
50. Robbins, Stephen P. & Judge, Timothy A. (2011) Organizational Behavior, 14 th Edition, Pearson Education, Inc.
51. Rude, G. F. E. (2005).: A study of popular disturbances in France and England, 1730-1848. London, England: Seri
52. R. William Doherty .( 1997).The Emotional Contagion Scale: A Measure of Individual Differences . Journal of Nonverbal Behavior .Vol 21, Issue 2, pp 131-154
53. Schoenewolf, G. (1990). Emotional contagion. Behavioural induction in individuals and groups. Modern Psychoanalysis, 15: 49-61.
54. Schoenewolf, G., (1990). Emotional contagion: Behavioral induction in individuals and groups.' 'Modern Psychoanalysis; 15, 49-61
55. S. G Barsade, (2002) “The ripple effect: Emotional contagion in groups,” Administrative Science Quarterly 47, n°. 4،664–675.
56. Tseng, W-S., & Hsu, J. (1980). Minor psychological disturbances of everyday life. In H. C. Triandis & J. D. Draguns (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology: Vol. 6. pp. 61–97. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
57. Tomkins, S. S. (1962). Affect, imagery, consciousness: Vol. I. The positive affects. Oxford,England: Springer
58. Vaughan, K. B., & Lanzetta, J. T. (1980). Vicarious instigation and conditioning of facial expressive Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 909–923.
59. Wild, B., Erb, M., & Bartels, M. (2001). Are emotions contagious? gender differences Psychiatry Research, 102, 109-124.
60. Wild, B., Erb, M., Eyb, M.(2003). Why are smiles contagious? An fMRI study of the interaction between perception .Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 123, 17-36.
61. Zajonc, R. B., Murphy, S. T., & Inglehart, M. (1989). Feeling and facial Deference: Psychological review, 96, 395–416.
Published
2023-06-19
How to Cite
abdullghani, D. H. jameel. (2023). Emotional Contagion Among Professors in University of Baghdad. Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science, 4(3), 1050-1064. https://doi.org/10.51699/cajmns.v4i3.1625
Issue
Section
Articles
